Heat absorbers can remove a fixed amount of heat from all neighboring components.
This means they are more efficient when surrounded by components that need cooling. However, it does require a constant supply of coolant in the form of ice (or blue/packed ice) in the coolant port above the absorber stack.
The amount of coolant used is fixed, and does not increase with more sides being cooled.
For detailed information on reactor mechanics, see the nuclear reactor guide.